Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases … reformist parties in the former socialist block lies in a deepening of democracy. …

candidate to win an election, even though his main agenda item (i.e., postal privatization) is strongly opposed by special …

try to win the election with as little concessions as possible. The efficient amount of concessions and their distribution … efficient amount of concessions depends on the closeness of the election race. The closer the initial distribution of votes, the …

This paper investigates whether Japanese people were happy and unhappy with the general election conducted on September … election to ask people how happy they were and which party they had supported. Although there are consistent tendencies that … presidential election, this study suggests that Japanese people are indifferent to politics. …

parliamentary election is investigated, using cross-provincial data, and controlling for other social, political and economic …

significant effect in the pre-election year. In addition, we found evidence suggesting that though democracy significantly lowers … results of the system GMM revealed that the fiscal deficit is significantly large in election years and the deficit spending … spills into the year after the election, though not as high as in the election year. We could not, however, find a …

African countries for the analysis. Robust evidence from the system GMM estimator shows that: (1) election periods … surprise in election periods. Policy recommendations are provided in the end. …