further be used as bargaining chips in the current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations. Mali has been selected as a …

, namely ownership and alignment, to the cases of Mali and Ghana. It argues that Western donors and recipient governments have …, the impact on Mali's and Ghana's relationships with their traditional donors has been minimal and short-lasting. To the … extent that donors and recipients have not significantly changed their practices in either Mali (a poor, fragile, aid …

In this paper, we investigate the power of migration as a mechanism in the transmission of social norms, taking Mali … and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) as a case study. Mali has a strong FGM culture and a long-standing history of …