interview market participants and triangulate the perspectives of borrowers with those of formal and informal lenders …. Importantly, our research includes current and past borrowing from formal and informal sources, prompting participants to draw … unintended consequence of formal microfinance: The availability of formal low-interest microfinance creates informal …

' transitions within the informal sector and between informal and formal employment. A binary logit model is applied to General … wage employed informal workers are likely to transit to formal employment, the likelihood being higher for the upper …-tier informal wage employed. While informally employed workers have a very high chance of transiting to formal employment, formal …

security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and … vice versa) and from lower-tier to upper-tier informal jobs using a longitudinal dataset for India. We find that self …

that regularly hamper industry level displacement studies, can be reduced considerably. The main finding is that …

We analyze the effect of exposure to international trade on earnings and employment of U.S. workers from 1992 through … paired with longitudinal data on individual earnings by employer spanning close to two decades. Individuals who in 1991 … worked in manufacturing industries that experienced high subsequent import growth garner lower cumulative earnings, face …

We analyze the effect of exposure to international trade on earnings and employment of U.S. workers from 1992 through … paired with longitudinal data on individual earnings by employer spanning close to two decades. Individuals who in 1991 … worked in manufacturing industries that experienced high subsequent import growth garner lower cumulative earnings, face …

We analyse the effects of imports on employment and earnings by distinguishing between import competition in final … suffer the largest earnings losses, while for high- skilled workers the wage-effect is positive. …

Informal self-employed traders in developing countries are vulnerable to shocks as they often lack access to social … insurance or formal finance. This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these urban traders in the capital … negative shocks to earnings, leading to a reduction in savings as well as worsening food security and assets. Individuals …

Costa Rica and Nicaragua, earnings are highest for formal work, next for upper-tier informal, and last for lower …We divide workers into six work statuses: formal self-employed, upper-tier informal self-employed, lower-tier informal … self-employed, formal wage-employed, upper-tier informal wage-employed, and lower-tier informal wage-employed. In both …

-tier informal to low-tier formal sector work. High-tier jobs are relatively closed off to those who started their career as low …-tier informal workers. We find that the earnings premium that low-tier informal workers could gain by switching is large and …We use long-spanning individual longitudinal data to examine the long-term labour market outcomes of low-tier informal …