the costs and benefits of the patent system, the use of patents as innovation indicators, and the need for more research …The role patents play for innovation is not clear, but patenting activity has increased in the last decades. This … article reviews the empirical evidence on traditional and novel roles of patents to assess their impacts on innovation in …

This paper investigates how patent applications and grants held by new ventures improve their ability to attract … British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate … analysis, we find that in the presence of patent applications, VC financing occurs earlier. Our results also show that VCs pay …

research arising from the genome case, the paper shows that in some fundamental research areas, where knowledge externalities …

-run welfare. …

This paper discusses several features of knowledge that are often considered crucial for characterizing the economic … significance of knowledge: whether it is overtly accessible or tacit, whether it can be or is encoded or not, and whether it has … public or private good character. It is argued that all these features depend similarly on the state of the knowledge …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …

generate new knowledge. This has a positive impact on entrepreneurship and innovation. However, after some point, further … innovation. Intellectual property rights protection allows the incumbent firms to capture part of the rents of commercial … exploration that would otherwise accrue to the entrepreneurs. Stronger patent protection will increase the incentive to do R&D and …

There is considerable debate regarding the use of intellectual property rights (IPR) to spur innovation in the software …, copyright to patent protection. Such an analysis is beneficial as it enables an objective comparison of the three scenarios … properly functioning patents, the benefits of moving from copyright to patent protection are less clear. …

forward protection reduces the rate of innovation and imposing a nonobviousness requirement reduces R&D spending. It is shown … that full protection against imitation, granted independently of the size of the lead, maximizes the average innovation …

product groups but different quality, which is not matched by the predictions of traditional and new trade theory. This paper … analyzes a model of North-South trade and endogenous growth through innovation and imitation that can predict the observed … both the innovation in the North and the imitational lag of the South. Opening to trade increases the growth rate and …