. Protectionism can have many different faces. It can come in the form of Buy-American clauses of stimulus packages, as an increase in … trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

, while the threat of protectionism also involves more direct tariffs against EU exports to the US. We apply a measurement …We analyze the value-added impacts of rising (United States) US protectionism on Finland and other European Union (EU …) member states. The president of the US has proposed tariff increases, particularly on imports from Mexico and China to the US …

The Philippines undergoes a tariff reform program. After more than a decade of implementation, significant achievements … have been attained in terms of changes in the tariff structure. For example, quantitative restrictions on important … commodities have been tariffied. The tariff structure has been simplified from a multi-layered one into a structure with fewer …

general-equilibrium mapping from tariffs to household inequality measures. This also yields predictions for linkages between … tariffs, development level, and observed household inequality. Working with a new dataset, we then examine crosscountry …

household income in Ghana. Tariff measures at the two-digit ISIC level are matched to Ghanaian household survey data for 1991 …/92 and 1998/99 to represent the tariff for the industry in which the household head is employed. We examine the possibility …-section data. This method has rarely been used in poverty analysis. The results suggest that higher tariffs are associated with …

This paper aims to review the impact of the various tariff legislations passed from 1998 to 2003 on the structure of … economic distortions that characterize our tariff structure have continued to prevail and have led to the inefficient use of … resources. The tariff structure continues to favor the manufacture of highly protected import substitutes at the expense of …

exporters and tariffs for non-EU importers goes, however, at the expense of sectors which are excluded from the EU ETS. We show …

Tariff reform, particularly tariff reduction, is one of the major economic reforms implemented in the last one and half … decades in the Philippines. The paper attempts to analyze the effects of the tariff reduction from 1994 to 2000 on household …). Insights that can be drawn from the tariff reduction experiments include: (a) significant drop in domestic prices; (b …

The paper analyzes the possible effects of tariff reduction in the 1990s on unemployment, household income and … simulation experiments indicate that tariff reduction is welfare improving. The transmission channel is not so much through the …