democratic elections. An information market is used to predict the long-term performance of a policy, while threshold contracts …

try to win the election with as little concessions as possible. The efficient amount of concessions and their distribution … efficient amount of concessions depends on the closeness of the election race. The closer the initial distribution of votes, the …

Political economists interested in discerning the effects of election outcomes on the economy have been hampered by the … problem that economic outcomes also influence elections. We sidestep these problems by analyzing movements in economic … indicators caused by clearly exogenous changes in expectations about the likely winner during election day. Analyzing high …

expected net benefit from doing so. If this instrumental motive is relevant, then turnout should be higher in elections where …' financial flexibility to provide pork for their voters. By utilizing simultaneous elections for different offices, we identify a … positive effect of election stakes on turnout. …

. Elections are needed as a carrot and a stick to motivate politicians, yet politicians who are overly interested in re-election … and implement public policies, we show that examination takes place in spite of, rather than thanks to, elections …

contracts, and democratic elections. An information market is used to predict the long-term performance of a policy, while …