is evident that cash demand always increases in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself. However …, largely unaffected from crises we observe a trend increase in global cash aligned with a shift from transaction balances …Despite the increasing use of cashless payment instruments, the notion that cash loses importance over time can be …

cash can help to avoid such a situation. We find interesting similarities to both crises in two separate case studies, one … on the demonetization in India 2016 and the other on cash supply during various crises in Greece since 2008. The paper …In this paper, we focus on the stabilizing role of cash from a society-wide perspective. Starting with conceptual …

We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of the digital … infrastructures, confidence crises of the financial system, natural disasters, political uncertainties, and inflationary crises. Based … classification scheme how cash holdings typically evolve in each of these types of uncertainty by separating between demand for …

The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

We estimate the demand for transaction and non-transaction cash balances in Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Norway … over the last decades using the seasonal method. These countries share many features that are relevant for cash demand, but … nevertheless show large differences in terms of aggregate cash balances. While Canada, Iceland and Denmark have seen increased …

Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend … government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained … issue of a Central Bank Digital Currency as a substitute or complement to cash. Although the characteristics of a possible …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …