. This discussion paper examines the most recent experience of food subsidy reform in Iran in order to derive some lessons … for food subsidy reforms elsewhere. Iran has a long history of providing general commodity subsidies, including for energy … market rate) - during the four years following the unilateral withdrawal of United States from the Iran nuclear deal in 2018 …

between oil price shocks and major macroeconomic variables in Iran by applying a VAR approach. The study points out the … inflation. We find a strong positive relationship between positive oil price changes and industrial output growth. Unexpectedly …

This study investigated gender differences in innovative behaviour and technological change in Iran by using data on … patents granted to Iranians in Iran and their demographic characteristics. Descriptive analysis was used to compare gender …

This study examines how the quality of political institutions affects the distribution of the government budget in Iran …

, inflation, real exchange rate, oil exports, and foreign real output, the paper finds clear evidence for two long run relations …: an output equation as predicted by the theory and a standard real money demand equation with inflation acting as a proxy … significant negative long run association between inflation and real GDP, which is suggestive of economic inefficiencies. Once the …