Background: We investigated the determination of the pledged loan-to-value ratio in an optionpricing environment and mainly articulated the theoretical framework and analytical method. Methods: The basic idea is that the present value of the pledged loan payoff is equal to a put option's...

This work aims to investigate the (inter)relations of information arrival, news sentiment, volatilities and jump dynamics of intraday returns. Two parametric GARCH-type jump models which explicitly incorporate both news arrival and news sentiment variables are proposed, among which one assumes...