physicians have lower participation rates than male physicians plus they are subject to higher occupational mismatch, and (ii …) moonlighting is more frequent among male physicians. In this paper we investigate whether such differences are related to the … university graduates, Spanish physicians are the ones most often coupled to partners with the same educational level and/or same …

strong position on the market for health care services. Physicians exert a type of monopolistic power which can be described … counterbalance the strong bargaining position of the physicians. Thus, health care expenditure is higher, financing either extra … profits for physicians or a higher number of them. In addition, health insurers do not have an incentive to contract …