adherence is systematically higher along the pre-Islamic trade routes. We discuss the possible mechanisms that may give rise to … and proximity to lucrative trade routes. We argue that these elements exacerbated inequalities across diverse tribal … societies producing a conflictual environment that had the potential to disrupt trade flows. Any credible movement attempting to …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade … to institute a system of income redistribution. However, a higher propensity to save by the rich would exacerbate wealth …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade ….cial to institute a system of income redistribution. However, a higher propensity to save by the rich would exacerbate wealth …

redistribution featuring direct income transfers in return for safe passage to conduct trade. A commitment problem, however, rendered …-enforcing under large gains from trade and high proportions of arid land. While such principles fostered the expansion of trade within …This study explores the interaction between trade and geography in shaping the Islamic economic doctrine and in turn …

-Maximilians-Universität München. It includes six self-contained chapters which deal with the following topics in empirical international trade and …, trade, and informal employment as illustrated by the maquiladora industry in Mexico (chapter 4), the interaction between … migration and trade and their effects on unemployment (chapter 5), and the dynamics of democracy and income chapter 6). …

paper puts to rest some objections to labor surplus theory based on red herrings and then addresses the substantive …

simulations based on our estimates suggest that selling insurance only to land-owning cultivators and precluding the landless from …