national teams: Belgium, Brazil, England, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. We analyze qualifying matches for the European … teams of Brazil and Italy only conceded one goal in the last minute. As to winning penalty shootouts, Germany outperforms … Cup. We find that the national teams of Germany, England and the Netherlands are more likely than the three other national …

musicians and discourages talented agents from becoming full-time musicians in all second-best economies. In Italy both …It is estimated that only 5% of musicians in Italy are regularly employed. In an attempt at understanding such a …

For the first time it has been made possible to merge a German and a Swiss firm-level data set that include detailed … net costs of training apprentices are substantial in Germany, whereas apprenticeship training is on average profitable …

been specified for the first time. In 2012, approx. 82 000 start-ups have been recorded in the liberal professions. For …

, approx. one million are old age pensioners (with additional income from self-employment) and two million part-time self …

commerce and industry has declined. For the first time, we present data for the so-called planning regions and the 20 biggest … cities in Germany. On average, agglomerations feature a substantially higher propensity for business start-ups in the liberal … big cities, too. Among the 20 biggest cities in Germany, Bonn, Berlin and Cologne hold the top positions with regard to …

Bundesländern Angaben zu steuerlichen Anmeldungen bei den Finanzverwaltungen ausgewertet. Hochgerechnet für Deutschland wurden in … Freien Berufe 21 bzw. 22 %. Dieser Befund bestätigt die Bedeutung der Freien Berufe für das Gründungsgeschehen in Deutschland. … sectors, IfM Bonn has analysed for the first time tax registration data of enterprise starters which are regularly collected …

In this paper we consider trends in the distribution of player talent across association football clubs over time … margin. We use this measure to analyze the degree of competitive balance over time. This approach enables us to examine how … player mobility drives competitive balance over time. Empirical results are based on 19 seasons of the first two divisions of …