The German 'Universal Bank' Form has frequently suggested as a model for the reform of U.S. Banking system because it does not restrict banks by means of market segmentation of their activities. This paper looks at the historical evolution of financial institutions in Germany and its modern...

This paper investigates the role of financial stucture on he financial fragility of the economy. It argues that while strucures is indipendent of the degree of what Misky calls financial fragility, it will have an impact on the rate of contagion by which financial fragility produces general...

This paper seeks to extend Coase's explanation of the existence of firms in general to financial firms and the financial markets in particular. Fianancial firms are defined as "producting prices" of financial assets. It also seeks to describe market structure in terms of constellations of...

In light of the problems besetting the eurozone, this policy brief examines the contributions of John Maynard Keynes and Richard Kahn to early debates over the design of the postwar international financial system. Their critical engagement with the early policy challenges associated with...

As global market integration collides with growing demands for national political sovereignty, Senior Scholar Jan Kregel contrasts two diametrically opposed approaches to managing the tensions between international financial coordination and national autonomy. The first, a road not taken, is...

To the extent that policymakers have learned anything at all from the Great Depression and the policy responses of the 1930s, the lessons appear to have been the wrong ones. In this public policy brief, Director of Research Jan Kregel explains why there is still a great deal we have to learn...

Against the background of modern-day monetary proposals, ranging from a return to the gold standard to the wholesale abolition of currency, this paper seeks to draw implications from David Ricardo's Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency for plans to reform the operation of central...

According to Senior Scholar Jan Kregel and Paolo Savona, attempting to maintain the status quo in the face of the introduction of some recent technological innovations-chiefly cryptocurrencies and associated instruments based on distributed ledger technology, the deployment of artificial...

This policy brief explores a route to remaking the international financial system that would avoid the contradictions inherent in some of the prevailing reform proposals currently under discussion. Senior Scholar Jan Kregel argues that the willingness of central banks to consider electronic...