?s Investment Tests (IT) during the years 1988-1998, we create a panel with information on investment, innovation activity and … financing conditions. Financial constraints affect the distribution of investment over time in a fundamental way. Following a … on Schworm?s (1980) model of optimal investment under financial constraints, we use it to test the empirical content of …

This study examines the consequences of loan denials for the investment performance of small and medium-sized German … investment than non-innovative companies. The non-randomness of loan denials is controlled for with a selection equation …

set on innovation for a large number of Italian firms over the 1990's. There is evidence that banking development affects … the probability of process innovation, particularly for small firms and for firms in high(er) tech sectors and in sectors … more dependent upon external finance. The evidence for product innovation is weaker. There is also some evidence that …

Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the …

the primary patent covering an innovation and whether the innovating firm's licenses its innovation or raises external …The importance of intellectual property (IP) rights for commercializing innovation is well established. Moreover … innovation alone, it is not clear how obtaining IP rights will impact the choice between licensing product rights and continuing …

This paper analyzes the effect of an increase in patent scope on R&D and innovation. It presents a model where patent … duplication of R&D. The model predicts that an increase in patent scope can increase the probability of innovation if the … incumbent's profit increase from innovation is large and the patented technology has a small advantage over the alternative …

(Ausbau der Infrastruktur, Sachkapitalförderung) inzwischen kaum mehr festzustellen. Forschung und Innovation sind hingegen …

or positive effects on R&D-investment, respectively. Both possibilities arise in plausible situations, even if one uses … on investment more likely. Extending the basic framework, the paper shows that separation of ownership and control …, endogenous entry and cumulative investments make positive effects of competition on investment more likely. Imperfect upstream …

The innovation activities of foreign subsidiaries have been identified as an important source of competitive advantage … foreignness). We derive potential stumbling blocks in the innovation process theoretically and argue that these materialize as … innovation activities in Germany from various sectors. We find that foreign-controlled firms are not challenged by liability of …