Thurik, A. Roy; Carree, Martin A.; van Stel, André J.; … - 2007
This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between self-employment and unem-ployment rates. On the one hand, high … unemployment rates may lead to start-up activity of self-employed individuals (the "refugee" effect). On the other hand, higher … rates of self-employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods (the …