bribery and show that bribing for any type of public service, not just for health services, has an adverse impact. We also …Corruption is pervasive, but we know little about its effects on individual lives. This paper examines whether living … in a corrupt society has deleterious effects on health. Using individual-level data from 28 post-communist countries, we …

health and demand for inputs in the health production function. The analysis provides infirmation on dietary patterns and …

This study is the first to provide a systematic measure of bribery using micro-level data on reported earnings …-reported compensation in the public sector. Using the conditions of labor market equilibrium, we develop an aggregate measure of bribery and … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 …

This study examines how bribery influences bank debt ratios for a large sample of firms from 14 transition countries …. We combine information on bribery practices from the BEEPS survey with firm-level accounting data from the Amadeus … database. Bribery is measured by the frequency of extra unofficial payments to officials to "get things done". We find that …

Many recent studies have looked at the macroeconomic, cultural and institutional determinants of corruption at the … bribes and the firms paying bribes affect the equilibrium level of corruption in the sector. Bribe takers (utility employees … empirical literature on corruption is how to distinguish between the "endogenous harassment" and "speed money" theories of …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a 'bribe tax' and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the 'time tax' imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … individual firms appears to vary depending on overall institutional quality: in countries where corruption is more prevalent and …