Since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia has been under an EU sanctions regime. While these sanctions have not … Russia's ability to wage war. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the sanctions and argues that the EU should …

This report highlights the effects of international sanctions on Russia's economic performance up to mid-2024. Despite … monetary tightening, Russia's early 2024 economic growth remained strong due to a tight labor market and continued credit … reveals that Russia has shifted towards lower-quality suppliers from countries like China, Türkiye, and Kazakhstan. The …

In 2023, Russia experienced a 3.5% economic growth, but forecasts for 2024 indicate a slowdown to 1.5% due to tightened … relatively stable. In particular, EU exports of economically critical and common high priority goods to Russia in November 2023 … and Hong Kong, Türkiye and CIS countries became vital suppliers, meeting Russia's demand for economically critical goods …

Russia's foreign trade has shifted, causing a 30% depreciation in the Rouble due to declining oil prices and EU … trade sanctions. Despite EU restrictions, only around one-third of pre-war exports to Russia are fully sanctioned; most …, construction, and hospitality. This year's economic growth forecast for Russia is revised upward to 2.3%, but labor shortages and …

Among ENP countries, Azerbaijan is outstanding because it leans on its resource base and sees the EU at the receiving …