the European Union, respectively: Ideally, sanctions should impose considerable economic costs on Russia and contribute to … options are discussed, namely an embargo on Russian exports of fossil fuels and an import tariff. If European policymakers … want to consider the option of a gas import tariff on Russian exports, the pros and cons of such a policy option clearly …

Since early 2006, Russia has been attempting to change the rules on the international energy market to suit its own …, as its dependence on imports of raw materials is increasing. Russia believes to be able to choose between serving the … its strategic energy partnership with Russia, but also to diversify the existing import structures. …

Do sanctions strengthen the targeted regime? I analyze the 2014 imposition of Western sanctions on Russia and its … stations that had a sanctioned firm in immediate vicinity. Targeted sanctions imposition also affected voter turnout. The … effect on voting can be explained as rally-around-the-flag in the face of sanctions, as long as voters did not endure …

This paper aims to highlight specific aspects and consequences of the dual nature of relations between Russia and … oriented toward Russia and DCFTA is reorienting it toward EU and in this context, to show that the Russian economy is not … trade relations between Ukraine and Russia, and that, precisely, the hostile actions of Russia against the DCFTA has …

the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of …

Union as a countermeasure to sanctions introduced by the EU and several other countries after Russia's actions in Ukraine … and the annexation of Crimea. This paper assesses the effect of Russia's counter-sanctions on the economies of the Baltic … problems in international trade data due to re-exports. The amount of trade affected by Russia's counter-sanctions varies …

rethink Germany's political and economic relations with Russia. A “change of times” was proclaimed which meant a caesura in … foreign and security policy as well as the overcoming of economic dependencies on Russia. This article analyzes whether … Germany has substantially reduced its foreign trade relations with Russia more than a year after this proclamation. It is …

rethink Germany's political and economic relations with Russia. A “change of times” was proclaimed which meant a caesura in … foreign and security policy as well as the overcoming of economic dependencies on Russia. This article analyzes whether … Germany has substantially reduced its foreign trade relations with Russia more than a year after this proclamation. It is …

sanctions from countries wishing to punish Russia for the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 …. However, the impact of hydrocarbons from Russia on the world energy market is so significant that politicians have often … look at the impact of sanctions on Russian oil and gas production and exports and assess the outlook for both in terms of …