This study examines how subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs) experience interactions with corporate headquarters. We conceptualize such interactions in terms of organizing costs, focusing on two key types of costs: bargaining costs and information costs. Specifically, we examine how...

The authors argue that FDI by emerging-market firms in advanced economies is motivated not just by "pull" factors, such as the host country's large market or technical talent, but also by "push" factors, such as the home country's weak institutions and reputation. We explain the latter, which we...

Different concerns about FDI by state-owned enterprises require separate policies: national security concerns can be dealt by exclusion of all foreign investors; worries about the opacity of foreign SOEs can be solved via monitoring; and unease about adversarial governments' SOEs can be reduced...

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the crucial role of vaccines in public health management and economic recovery. Its worldwide impact has raised national security concerns and implications on health policies, particularly on Asia Pacific countries' readiness to cope...