Das zuletzt gestiegene Interesse des Staats und der Gesellschaft an der Beteiligung von Handwerkskammern in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zeigt sich bei der Änderung der Handwerksordnung, in der die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit nun einen eigenen Aufgabenbereich der Kammern darstellt. Die...

Many claim a process of judicialization of international dispute settlement procedures is taking place. In order to capture this ongoing process we introduce an analytical framework to assess the degree of judicialization of international dispute settlement procedures. We then proceed to present...

This paper studies the concept of an international economic order, i.e. an institutional arrangement of international rules. Such rules emerge from negative experiences – historical disasters – that inflict severe hardship on people. A taxonomy for rules reducing transaction costs is...

This paper analyzes how international rules are established and stabilized, i.e. how an international institutional order develops. Rules emerge mainly through learning from negative experience and serve to reduce transaction costs. The paper looks at mechanisms that stabilize rule systems, at...

In der Untersuchung werden die Folgen der US-Ausgleichszölle wegen unerlaubter Subventionen für das europäische Gemeinschaftsunternehmen Airbus analysiert. Die US-Sonderzölle von 15 bis 25 Prozent treffen neben dem europäischen Flugzeugsektor in besonderer Weise den Werkzeug- und...

Trading nations exchange tariff concessions in the context of trade liberalizing rounds. Tariffs, nonetheless, are not the only instrument affecting the value of a concession. Domestic instruments affect it as well, but public order is not negotiable, and, consequently, is not scheduled. Public...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently adopted the 2007 Decision on Bilateral Surveillance Over Members' Policies, a landmark reform that modernizes the general principles of IMF surveillance. However, support for the reform was not unanimous, and doubts have been expressed about how the...

Drawing on Transaction Costs Economics, this paper develops a new approach to conflict of law rules. It outlines a concept of constitutional uncertainty in international trade and presents a model of international transactions in the presence of a diversity of legal orders. We develop a general...