Whether campaign advertising influences election outcomes is an open question; a paradox given the amount spent on … large causal effect of TV advertising on election outcomes. …

in the United States. We look at the presidential level and analyze contributions by companies before an election and … abnormal positive post-election returns with (i) a higher percentage of contributions given to the eventual winner and (ii … to (i) the percentage of contributions given to the winner in a presidential election and (ii) the total contribution …

election by increasing the challenger's chances of winning. These contributions have a large effect on the election outcome but …

checks and balances' regulatory review process strengthens the role of the judicial power and election increases the populism … of implicitly motivated supervisors. Election arises when the risk related to expropriation of sunk investments and the … predictions. Indeed, when treated as endogenous, only the election of administrative law judges and not the one of regulators …

Political economists interested in discerning the effects of election outcomes on the economy have been hampered by the … indicators caused by clearly exogenous changes in expectations about the likely winner during election day. Analyzing high …