Turco-Italian and the Balkan wars, leading to massive land losses before the First World War. The data are manually …

Turco-Italian and the Balkan wars, leading to massive land losses before the First World War. The data are manually …

Between 1914 and 1918, the Ottoman Empire was involved in the World War I, leading to disruptions in economic life. The … end of the war created the occupation of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies and struggle against the Allies' occupation. The … historical literature argued that when Bulgaria asked for an armistice in September 1918, it was realized that the end of the war …

Between 1914 and 1918, the Ottoman Empire was involved in the First World War, which caused economic disruptions, huge … Lira against the currencies of three selected countries that were not in the war, we focus on the effects of news about the … war on the foreign exchange rates at the Istanbul bourse from 1918 to 1919. Our results signify some dates, which match …

This paper investigates the relationship between state-based conflict and entrepreneurship. From a survey of the … opportunity-motivated forms of entrepreneurship, and (2) a positive association with unproductive and necessity-motivated forms of … entrepreneurship. We test these hypotheses by drawing on several state-based conflict and entrepreneurship measures, using appropriate …