work of poverty alleviation is far from complete. We believe that in the modern age, biotechnology holds remarkable … as much on institutions as it does on innovation. In these early stages of development, biotechnology is concentrated in … the most developed, Tier I countries. In this paper, we envision future biotechnology diffusion around the world, with …

We explore the tail of patented invention value distributions by using value estimates obtained directly from patent …-Maddala and log normal distributions, the log normal appears to provide the best fit to our patented invention value data. …

academic patents using German professor patents linked to patent opposition data from the European Patent Office (EPO). Patent … patent value, asymmetric information and diverging expectations between the opposition parties, the likelihood of a …

Incentives and assistance provided by TTOs, university policies, patent legislation and scientific disciplines are …

received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems … in ways that significantly affected the course of technological change. Patent rights in the U.S. helped to define and …

This paper develops a methodology to compare the quality of examination services in different patent offices. Quality … is defined as the extent to which patent offices comply with their patentability conditions in a transparent way. The … of patent offices in Europe (EPO), Japan (JPO) and the US (USPTO) shows that their operational designs differ …