which lead to these hypotheses are presented as well as the theory of expressive voting, and a survey of the available … theory of expressive voting. …

We analyze the factors that influence the support for environmental policy proposals. Swiss referendum data show that … referendum. Also, there are more pro-environmental votes in cantons with higher population density. On the other hand, yes …

the introduction of the initiative, referendum and recall in America broadly supports the theory, which also explains two … creating these institutions. I build a model of direct democracy that explains why a representative might benefit from tying … that some politicians benefit from the introduction of direct democracy, since they are more likely to survive …

democracy has a constraining, but modest effect on spending. Our estimates suggest that a mandatory budget referendum reduces …Using a new dataset of Swiss cantons from 1890 to 2000, we estimate the causal effect of direct democracy on government … spending by 2.2 percent. We find no evidence that direct democracy at the canton level results in higher local spending or a …

countries in the referendum and initiative use. We apply a number of estimation techniques. We find that per capita income … the estimation technique. Political rights and stability also work as prerequisites to direct democracy. Direct democracy …This paper investigates on the demographic, economic, political and cultural determinants of direct democracy in 87 …

jurisdictions with referendum decisions on policy centralization. Citizens choose centralization of public spending and revenue in … representative democracy, centralization is inefficiently high because representatives can extract political rents by policy … cantons from 1980 to 1998 supports the hypothesis that centralization is less likely under referendum decision-making. …

empirically the complex relationship between democracy and FDI in a systematic way, using cross-sectional and panel data analysis …