This report analyses tax incentives for SMEs in 20 EU countries and five non-EU countries between 2009-2013. Its findings and recommendations are based on a review of tax codes, modelling of tax burdens using two different models, a descriptive analysis of company financial ratios, and the...

We investigate financing constraints in a large cross-country data set covering most of the European economy. Firm level investment sensitivity to cash flow is used to identify financing constraints. We find that the sensitivities are significantly positive on average, controlling for country...

SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have taken a...

Die Energiewende wird eine der größten Herausforderungen an die deutsche Volkswirtschaft in den kommenden Jahrzehnten darstellen. Um die zwei Hauptziele der Energiewende zu realisieren – die CO2-Emissionen bis zum Jahr 2050 um 80% zu reduzieren und die verbleibenden Atomkraftwerke bis 2022...

MIND is a hybrid model incorporating several energy related sectors in an endogenous growth model of the world economy. This model structure allows a better understanding of the linkages between the energy sectors and the macro-economic environment. We perform a sensitivity analysis and...

The European emissions trading scheme (EU-ETS) for CO2 is the largest existing emissions trading scheme in the world. The main reason for the implementation of this scheme is to reach the European Kyoto targets at minimal cost and to establish a price for emissions. The right to emit CO2...

Die Klimaschutzdebatte konzentriert sich derzeit darauf, wie der Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen politisch und ökonomisch am effektivsten gesenkt werden kann. Immer mehr in den Fokus rückt dabei eine verstärkte Bepreisung von Kohlendioxid (CO2) für die Sektoren Wärme und Verkehr, die inzwischen...