corruption detection highly probable, we show that increasing policing or sanctions effectively deters crime. However, when … generate higher crime rates. In particular, the relationship between the traditional instruments of deterrence, namely … intensification of policing and increment of sanctions, and crime is nonmonotonic. Beyond a threshold, increases in expected …

related to the activity of organized crime, as homicide, extortion, drug-trafficking or usury. Petty crimes are estimated to …, the signaling role of the policy, and other forms of social control) rather than induced by organized crime itself. …

presented points to a causal effect of the IGESP on crime. The most conservative estimates indicate a reduction of 24% in … property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response … represented by the program may constitute a first-order factor in a successful policy for fighting crime. …

simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which …This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … identifies a causal impact of police on crime. Implementing an instrumental variable approach shows an elasticity of crime with … respect to police of approximately -0.3, so that a 10 percent increase in police activity reduces crime by around 3 percent. …

a literature review is provided about the financing of terrorist and organized crime organizations, their sources and …

The impact of organized crime on inter-regional price disparities in Russia is estimated for each year from 1992 to … of the country. The relationship between prices and crime is, for the most part, statistically significant and positive …. Organized crime considerably contributes to the average cross-region price dispersion. However, the effect of organized crime …

, corrupted police officers, and the power of the organized crime. Naturally, poverty and warfare contribute to the rising tide of … human trafficking in illegal migration and the role played by the national and transnational organized crime. The …