The amount of central bank money, or liquidity, needed to settle payments, depends on the way the settlement is organized. It is largest when payments are settled individually on gross basis and smallest with settlement in one big netting cycle. Retail payments are increasingly processed in...

Aim: The implementation of numerous EU projects in the period 2014-2020 is bound to require that they are compliant with EU law, domestic law, relevant guidelines, programming documents, and the content of an agreement on co-financing a project. It is in this context that the issue of public aid...

Dealing with the consequences of climate change will put an increasing burden on public and private finances. We use the example of floods in a survey experiment among 8,000 German households to elicit households' preferences for climate adaptation policies. In Germany, as in many countries, we...

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified longstanding concerns about mounting levels of corporate debt in the United States. This article places the current conjuncture in its historical context, analysing corporate indebtedness against the backdrop of increasing corporate concentration. Theorising...

Katastrophenbedingte Einbrüche der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Aktivität erfordern neben dem Kurzarbeitergeld einen Stabilisierungsmechanismus zum Schutz marktfähiger Produktionsstrukturen. In makroökonomischen Notlagen gehen Stabilitätsaspekte und faire Lastenverteilung Hand in Hand. Für...

This study analyses the policy measures taken in the euro area in response to the outbreak and the escalating diffusion of new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We focus on monetary, microprudential and macroprudential policies designed specifically to support bank lending conditions. For...

Materialengpässe haben die deutsche Industrie im Jahr 2021 gebremst. Das Statistische Bundesamt hat die Entwicklung von Auftragseingängen, Produktion und Preisen in der Industrie vor dem Hintergrund der Materialknappheit untersucht und dazu ein Dossier veröffentlicht, das diesem Artikel als...

This policy note examines sectoral and occupational employment impacts of the Covid-19 crisis. The crisis hit EU economies (and advanced economies in general) as they were already undergoing important structural changes due to technological change (digitisation), a factor affecting most...

As governments spend unprecedented sums of public money on pandemic related rescue and recovery measures, while humankind is facing mounting long-term challenges - and above all the climate crisis -, the question whether and to what extent COVID-19 recovery programmes contribute to countries'...

Purpose: To weather the Covid-19 crisis and remain sustainable, restaurants need the trust of their customers. This study tested the impact of value similarity and preventive measures on customer trust and examined the impact of customer trust on customer cooperation. This study investigated the...