Enacted March 27, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was the most ambitious and creative fiscal policy … response to the Pandemic Recession in the United States. PPP offers forgivable loans — essentially grants — to businesses with … 500 or fewer employees that meet certain requirements. In this paper, we present evidence that PPP has substantially …

Enacted March 27, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was the most ambitious and creative fiscal policy …

The present study has examined the effect of export product quality improvement on inclusivity in developing countries …. Inclusivity is measured by three factors considered simultaneously, namely an increase in the real per capita income, a reduction … product quality improvement results in greater inclusivity, especially in countries that face high levels of economic growth …

We assess the role of banks in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a large and unprecedented smallbusiness support … program instituted as a response to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. In 2020, the PPP administered more than $525 … heterogeneity in the allocation of PPP loans. Firms that were larger and less affected by the COVID-19 crisis received loans earlier …

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was a large and unprecedented small-business support program that allocated $800 … empirical application of our model, we estimate the PPP's effectiveness and compare it with alternative policies. A policy …

into account the factual Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) as a specific grant policy. We find that the policy has only a …