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Transaction costs and risk have generally not been taken into account in assessing the Kyoto mechanisms JI, CDM and emissions trading. However, they can have a significant influence. With regard to the project-based mechanisms, the factor that most determines the influence of transaction costs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297308
Valuing a change in the risk of death is a key input into the calculation of the benefits of environmental policies that save lives. Typically such risks are monetized using the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). Because the majority of the lives saved by environmental policies are those of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011324986
This paper considers the problem of how a government, having decided to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, identifies the policy or mix of policies that achieves this reduction at the lowest possible net economic cost. This involves accounting for the fact that each potential policy for reducing...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011608541
This paper reports the results of a four country project (GARPII) on aspects of green accounting, namely the estimation of damages to air and water. The countries covered are Germany, Italy, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It follows an earlier project covering the same countries, which was...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011608656
The objective of this paper is to examine preferences of citizens of three European countries regarding various adaptation plans and measures to limit damages from drought under climate changes. For this purpose, we conducted a survey in the Czech Republic, Italy, and the United Kingdom. We...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012063501
The security of natural gas supply is an important issue for all EU countries due to the region's heavy dependence on imported supply sources and in light of energy demand for gas that is continuously increasing. Discussions have emphasised strategies for securing the supply at the macro level,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010279628
While there is a considerable debate regarding the choice of proper discount rates for assessing climate change projects and policies, only a tiny body of literature emphasizes 'what to discount'. Usually, climate change economic assessments rely on tools and methods that employ strong...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013199619
The authors suggest a multi-layered system of three convergence criteria – similar to those used in the run-up to the European monetary union – that define the notion of „demonstrable progress“ towards reaching the emission commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. These are the existence of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010295336
The Kyoto Protocol sets legally binding emission targets for industrialized countries without accounting for reductions carried out prior to 2008, the beginning of the first commitment period. There exists only one exception, the project-based Clean Development Mechanism. Two other possible ways...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010295341
A whole bundle of so-called „flexible mechanisms“ has been foreseen by the Kyoto Protocol in order to help industrial countries to fulfil their agreed reduction targets in the most costeffective way. Emission permits will act as the backbone of all market-orientated mechanisms. Therefore,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010295344