This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience … significant international sanctions. By comparing the middle-class size of this counterfactual Iran with the actual Iran that …

The potential in survey data for the study of simultaneous changes in earnings disparities, inequality of household … inequality). Various sources confirm that earnings disparities and income inequalities rose more or less in all four CEE …

ungerecht empfunden, sondern er schürt auch die Verunsicherung der Mittelschicht. Im Krisenjahr 2009 nahm zwar der Anteil der …

than those of lower poverty, lower inequality, or higher GDP per capita. …We revisit the link between poverty, the middle class and institutional outcomes using a newly developed cross …

Does more education really mean less poverty and less inequality? How much less? What are the transmission mechanisms …-based policies aimed at increasing educational attainment would have substantial impacts on poverty reduction, but muted effects on … inequality. These results are highly dependent on assumptions about the behaviour of returns to education, both for the …

insurance in the 1990s and the growth of social assistance in the 2000s, and assesses their effects on poverty and inequality …

This essay aims at a broad, main-stream account of the literature on inequality and poverty measurement in the space of … relationship between Lorenz, welfare, and inequality orderings. The second section, on poverty, deals with the identification and … aspects of both congruence and conflict in the relationship amongst poverty, inequality, and welfare. The final substantive …