towards more hoarding, especially in the form of large denomination banknotes. …Despite the increasing use of cashless payment instruments, the notion that cash loses importance over time can be … unambiguously refuted. In contrast, the authors show that cash demand increased steeply over the past 30 years. This is not only …

In this paper, we focus on the stabilizing role of cash from a society-wide perspective. Starting with conceptual … remarks on the importance of money for the economy in general, special attention is paid to the unique characteristics of cash … cash can help to avoid such a situation. We find interesting similarities to both crises in two separate case studies, one …

, natural disasters) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. It becomes evident that over the past … 30 years cash demand always increased in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself.However, the …

perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend … government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained …

We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of the digital … classification scheme how cash holdings typically evolve in each of these types of uncertainty by separating between demand for … domestic and international cash as well as between transaction and store of value balances. Hereby, we focus on the stabilizing …

consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … transactions in Germany. The rest is hoarded (10%), circulates in other euro area countries (25%) or is held outside the euro area …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …