distributional impacts of energy subsidy reform. We find that in absolute terms energy subsidies benefit richer households more than … up by subsidy reform could be used to mitigate income losses for poor households by means of in-kind and in-cash revenue … subsidy reform. We identify two combinations of reform options and recycling schemes that would benefit the poorest 40% of …

of the criticisms of the current subsidy system, however, is that it overemphasizes work and does little to encourage … care subsidies for child development. In this paper, we provide a systematic assessment of the impact of subsidy receipt on … relationship between child care subsidies and child development. In particular, our results suggest that subsidy receipt in the …

focus is on the incidence of the subsidy, i.e., we ask how much of the € 2,500 buyer subsidy is captured by the supply … subsidy amount. However, the incidence was heterogeneous across price segments. Subsidized buyers of cheap cars paid more than … comparable buyers who did not receive the subsidy, e.g. for cars of € 12,000 car dealers reaped about 8% of the scrappage prime …

A complete account of the U.S. child care subsidy system requires an understanding of its implications for both … fill this gap by examining the impact of child care subsidy receipt on maternal health and the quality of child … of family well-being. In addition, we attempt to handle the possibility of non-random selection into subsidy receipt by …