potential explana- tion of an N-shaped pollution-income relation. Finally, it is shown that the model is compatible with most …

cointegration techniques. The EKC literature has failed to acknowledge that such regressions involve unit root nonstationary …-sample KPSS type cointegration test. We present simulation results illustrating the performance of the estimators and tests. In …

for cointegration with structural breaks is adopted. The annual time series data for carbon emissions (CO2), economic … to reduce emissions in models, which incorporate FDI. Else, where significant, its impact on carbon emissions is adverse … pollution haven hypothesis, wherein more trade and foreign direct investments cause environmental degradation, the paper …

The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U …-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given …. Using cross section data for several indicators of pollution, the paper estimates the direct and the indirect effect of …

capita GDP and pollution. Using a new data set for OECD countries on carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1960-1997, we …