This paper examine differences between risk-neutral and objective probability densities of future interest rates. The identification and quantification of these differences are important when risk-neutral densities (RNDs), such as option-implied RNDs, are used as indicators of actual beliefs of...

Data Warehouses and Data Mining are indispensable and inseparable parts for modern organization. Organizations will create data warehouses in order for them to be used by business executives to take important decisions. And as data volume is very large, and a simple filtration of data is not...

How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products? Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries? In...