The Belgian collective bargaining system is highly institutionalised and coordinated. Over 90% of employees are covered by a collective agreement, placing Belgium among the countries with the highest coverage in Europe. Also, the Belgian trade unions have a relatively high level of membership...

Aus der Sicht der Gewerkschaften bietet sich jetzt die Chance, europaweit frühzeitig Umweltverschmutzung zu begrenzen. Allerdings ist diese Begrenzung nur möglich, wenn sich die Europäischen Gemeinschaften nicht mit dem Verweis auf die Unterschiede in den beteiligten Industrien auf dem...

This report presents a comparison of national industrial relations systems in the EU25, exploring the differences between individual systems and their effects on the economy. The report is based on the more detailed findings of a research project entitled "Quality of industrial relations:...

The legal basis of collective bargaining in Germany is laid down by the Collective Agreements Act, 1949. Collective agreements can be concluded between employer associations (or individual employers) and trade unions. In contrast, works councils – statutory employee representation bodies...

This study examined best practice examples of social partner involvement in greening the economy in different Member States. It analysed the role of the trade unions and employers’ associations as well as employees, their direct representatives and company management in selected projects at...

"Judicial decisions concerning industrial action have strengthened the right to strike and made lockouts virtually impossible. Employers respond to such a shift in the power on the labour market with relocations and power on the goods market. In addition the trade unions are threatened by...