Vattenfall is a Swedish-owned international electricity and heat supplier. In recent years, it has become the fourth-largest generator of electricity and the largest producer of heat in Europe Vattenfall is a public limited company, shares of which are owned by the Swedish government.

Since climate change has become an important subject on the international agenda, CO2-neutral energy sources are becoming increasingly popular as well. Among the companies that have benefited from this development is the Danish wind turbine manufacturing company, Vestas. Over the last century,...

Iberdrola S.A. is a Spanish-based company with headquarters in Bilbao. It is one of the world's leading private energy utilities and its core business is related to the generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity. The companyu0092s home markets are naturally situated in...

In cooperation with the Technical University of Ostrava, a feasibility study for the Envicrack cluster and its activities of developing and marketing pyrolysis technology was made. In November 2005, the cluster was founded by 17 members, among which are the university and Arrow Line, an SME...

E.ON is one of the largest investor-owned energy providers in the world. The company delivers energy to millions of customers and, together with EDF, is the biggest energy supplier in Europe. Employing more than 80,000 people, E.ON also has the duty to establish favourable working conditions for...

Two seemingly unconnected empirical results suggest an intriguing mechanism. First, economic integration helps harmonize prices internationally, with trade being the primary channel (Rogoff 1996, Goldberg and Knetter 1997). Second, monetary union may greatly increase the amount of trade among...

This paper uses data on German government bond futures options to examine the behaviour of market expectations around monetary policy actions of the European Central Bank (ECB). In particular, this paper focuses on the asymmetries in bond market expectations, as measured by the skewness of...

In this paper we propose a relatively simple procedure to predict Euro-zone industrial production using mostly data derived from the business surveys of the three major economies within the European Monetary Union (France, Germany, and Italy). The basic idea is that of estimating business...

This Background Report has been produced as part of the study on “Development of statistical data on the European security technological and industrial base” commissioned by the European Commission within the Framework Contract on Security (ENTR/09/050) between the European Commission and a...