The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published its Annual Report 2013 (Report) on credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the European Union (EU). The Report also outlines ESMA’s supervisory work plan for this year.ESMA has found that CRAs continue to progress in how they comply...

Bericht des Europäischen Amtes für Betrugsbekämpfung für das Jahr 2003.

Ce document vise à présenter, sous forme de tableaux synthétiques et schématiques, une vue d'ensemble des principales caractéristiques institutionnelles et fonctionnelles des Médiateurs nationaux (ou organes similaires) dans les États membres de l'Union européenne - ainsi que du...

Study on the desirability of EC level legislation in the area of software patents. It is based on a comparative analysis of the present state of the law, and the advantages and disadvantages appearing from current practice in the EC Member States, the United States and Japan. While its principal...

Article 13 of the EC Treaty, introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty, aims to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. This new Article has opened new prospects for an anti-European and worldwide organisations representing...

Fundamental social rights: in context of the elaboration of a Charter of Fundamental Rights, this study considers the fundamental social rights that already exist at European level and especially those included in the constitutions of the Member States of the European Union. The constitutions of...

This Study updates three earlier papers in the Economic Affairs Series: Tax Competition in the European Union (ECON 105, October 1998); Tax Co-ordination in the European Union (ECON 125, January 2001); and Tax Co-ordination in the EU: the latest position (ECON 128, March 2002). The text does not...

This working document is an updated version of the study originally published in 1998 under the title 'Tax Competition in the European Union'. The General Introduction covers the recent history of tax policy within the European Union, and examines the current situation in the fields of Corporate...