This report examines the background to EU rules on the burden of proof, the development of principles laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and their application to the Racial and Employment Equality Directives in proceedings before civil and labour...

From 2004 to date, 13 national Diversity Charters have been established across Europe aiming at encouraging companies to implement and develop diversity policies. The charter is a short document voluntarily signed by companies which outlines the commitment of the undersigning organization to...

The objective of this report is to compare and contrast anti-discrimination law in the 28 EU Member States and EU candidate countries (namely the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey), as comprehensively described in the annually updated country reports written by...

Many people in Europe do not receive the social benefits to which they are entitled. This is the case across countries and for many types of benefits. Addressing this ‘non-take-up’ of benefits is critical for two key reasons: benefits do not fulfil their objective if they do not reach the...

The report is drawn up to identify which barriers prevent members of ethnic minorities from fully participating in society and in the labour market. Moreover, it aims at analysing which policies have been developed and are applied by public policy and by businesses (as well as by public-private...

One of the most recurring themes about immigrants in Western Europe is their effect on national culture and identity. When anti immigrant parties gain votes in Member States one of the enduring responses is to question the role of immigrants themselves in eliciting their separation from the main...

Europe is undergoing a previously unwitnessed ageing of the population. In view of this, social inclusion of the elderly and strategies to promote voluntary work among older people are now important items on the EU’s political agenda. This report is based on 30 case studies from 11 Member...