Pricing-to-market (PTM) behaviour implies that exporters adjust their prices to the prevailing prices in their export markets. For the importing country, PTM effects can be interpreted as a measure of the stability of domestic prices against foreign price and exchange rate developments. PTM...

The EU15 countriesu0092 real GDP per capita levels adjusted for purchasing power converged in 1960u00962001. Convergence occurred in two spells, in 1960u009673 and 1986u00962001, with an interim period of stagnation. In this paper, we analyse both s and b convergence and discuss the impact of EU...

The study suggests that the EU's eastward enlargement will be beneficial to the new members, while most EU countries will record minor welfare gains. Poland is expected to gain 3.4% of GDP, and Hungary almost 7%. The new members will experience production increases across almost all sectors,...

Assessing existing policies or developing new policy options requires indicators showing where a community stands, where it is going and how far it is from where it wants to be. Indicators are necessary in all steps of the policy cycle: to describe the current situation/problem; to analyse the...

This independent report – with the wealth and breadth of knowledge it puts forward and the quality of the analysis it presents – gives us a research-based perspective on the post-2015 challenges we face.

This evaluation covers Trade-Related Assistance (TRA) provided by the EU from 2004 to 2010. TRA relates to AfT category 1, trade policy and regulation; category 2, trade development; to category 5, trade-related adjustment activities relevant to TRA; and to category 6, other trade-related needs....

The purpose of the evaluation is to provide a comprehensive and independent assessment of the European Union (EU)’s past and present cooperation in Ivory Coast, in order to draw key lessons and make recommendations for the future, including within the context of joint programming between the...