The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) have concluded a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that will allow RBA to have access to data held in European Trade repositories according to its mandate. The MoU is effective as of 18 February 2015....

With the development towards comprehensive and more sophisticated border control regimes, the problem of protection seekers’ access to EU territory has increasingly come into focus. Disorderly movement is presently the main avenue to safety in the EU, and human smugglers act as important...

The ECB Working Paper Series seeks to disseminate economic research on issues that are relevant to the various tasks and functions of the ECB. The Series invites submissions of research work by ECB staff and visitors. Papers by researchers not affiliated with the ECB may also be considered for...