The focus of this study, therefore, necessarily concerns how best to generate greater effect from Europeu0092s armed forces within the context of EU operations, given the need for autonomous operations that are likely to be progressively more robust. It considers how best to facilitate and...

In recent years, private military companies (PMCs) and private security companies (PSCs)have been increasingly employed by large and active military nations for tasks both at home and abroad: generally as a cost-cutting measure, but also to eke out overstretched state resources. A wide range of...

This report presents a comprehensive overview of the methods through which Islamist militants in Europe mobilise their supporters and find new recruits. It finds that Islamist militant recruitment efforts have largely been driven underground, with little overt propagation and recruitment now...

We evaluate the Friedman-Schwartz hypothesis that a more accommodative monetary policy could have greatly reduced the severity of the Great Depression. To do this, we first estimate a dynamic, general equilibrium model using data from the 1920s and 1930s. Although the model includes eight...

The agenda for Crisis Management Operations (CMOs) has widened still further and with it the related need to engage with civilian actors has become even more important due to the u0091security development nexusu0092. In essence, there is no security without development and vice versa. From this...

The European Union (EU) recognises the need to address the threat of terrorism, and further develop cooperation within both its neighbourhood and external regions to prevent or counter violent extremism (P/CVE). The EU’s Counter-Terrorism (CT) Strategy comprises four pillars – Prevent,...

Within a two-step GARCH framework we explore the linkages between equity returns of ten sectors in the euro area, the United States and Japan, respectively. Our estimation framework allows a distinction to be made between spillover effects originating from one of the three currency areas and...

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, for West Germany, France, Italy and US, we econometrically select within a SVAR model some fiscal policy regimes, i.e. a u0094set of rulesu0094 for the implementation of fiscal policies. Second, we identify the fiscal policy shocks related to different...