The economic gap between the EU and three candidate countries - Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey - is significant. Living standards, as measured by GDP per capita at PPP, are less than one third of the level prevailing in the former EU-15 u0096 and about half of the average level in the new member...

The report summarises the results generated in empirical analysis within a larger EU's 5th framework programme for research and development on the determinants of productivity gaps between the current EU-15 and accession states in central and eastern Europe. The focus of research in this part of...

This evaluation examined the support the European Commission’s DG for Development and International Cooperation (DEVCO) provided to Research and Innovation (R&I) in partner countries during the last EU budget period (2007-2013).

The objective of this study is to contribute to an ongoing background analysis, building on work already carried out within and outside of the European Commission with respect to engagement in the garment sector to support sustainability in the garment industry. The analysis will essentially...

This report examines some of the ways in which the social partners have been involved in anticipating and managing change – namely, through their establishment or close participation in ‘transitional agencies’ and other structures set up to minimise the negative consequences of...

We live in a service economy, but the extent of development of service employment differs across developed countries. This paper assesses the role of structural factors and institutions in explaining the common patterns and main differences in the recent expansion of service employment in OECD...