Le cacaoyer (nom botanique: Théobroma cacao L) est un arbre à feuilles persistantes. Il ne supporte pas les températures trop basses, raison pour laquelle il pousse en zone équatoriale où la température moyenne se situe autour de 27°C. Dès la fin du XIXe siècle, des plants de cacaos...

Les objectifs principaux de l’évaluation sont de: Rendre des comptes et fournir aux services de l'Union européenne (UE) ainsi qu'à un public plus large une évaluation indépendante et globale de ses relations de coopération et de partenariat passées et présentes avec la République du...

This evaluation covers Trade-Related Assistance (TRA) provided by the EU from 2004 to 2010. TRA relates to AfT category 1, trade policy and regulation; category 2, trade development; to category 5, trade-related adjustment activities relevant to TRA; and to category 6, other trade-related needs....

Two seemingly unconnected empirical results suggest an intriguing mechanism. First, economic integration helps harmonize prices internationally, with trade being the primary channel (Rogoff 1996, Goldberg and Knetter 1997). Second, monetary union may greatly increase the amount of trade among...

On 1 May 2004, ten countries became members of the European Union. The addition of Cyprus, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland and Slovenia brings the total number of Member States to 25. Although the EU has successfully integrated new countries on...

The ECB has an obligation to provide statistical information of the highest quality to the public and this third edition of the publication u0093Bond markets and long-term interest rates in non-euro area Member States of the European Union and in accession countriesu0094 serves to contribute to...

Enlargement will provide major impulses for economic integration and new possibilities for the division of labour in the enlarged EU will offer additional opportunities for growth. At the same time, ensuring a more or less uniform regulatory framework in a single market comprising 25 or more...

The paper studies the incentives to join a monetary union, and the incentives to reform within a monetary union and within the candidate countries, respectively. It presents some "orders of magnitude" evidence on the size and balance of the incentive effects for joining and being a member, and...

The paper concludes that accession to the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is firmly in the interest of the central and eastern European countries. However, from the perspective of incumbent EMU membersu0092 interests, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the arguments are more finely balanced....