This study provides an in-depth and objective comparative analysis of the national provisions of private law and private international law in the field of authentic instruments with special focus on their mutual recognition and enforcement within selected EU Member States. The results of this...

The securities markets in central and eastern Europe are small: the capitalisation in domestic shares in the 10 acceding countries represents barely 4 per cent of the capitalisation in Euronext. The capitalisation of these markets as share of the gross domestic product is still weak. However,...

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published its Annual Report 2013 (Report) on credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the European Union (EU). The Report also outlines ESMA’s supervisory work plan for this year.ESMA has found that CRAs continue to progress in how they comply...

The updated Q&A provides clarifications regarding the publication of sovereign ratings and conflict of interests concerning investments in CRAs.The purpose of this Q&A is to provide clarity on the requirements and practice in the application of the CRA Regulation and in particular, the CRA 3...

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is consulting on new supervisory guidelines regarding the information that is periodically submitted to ESMA by credit rating agencies. Good quality, relevant and timely data is key to the efficient and effective supervision of the CRA sector...

Trading Platforms (TPs), which have automated trading members, have been the focus of increased attention in recent years. ESMA therefore decided in 2013 to conduct a peer review on the Guidelines on systems and controls in an automated trading environment for trading platforms, ESMA 2012/122...

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) published a Consultation Paper on Guidelines on the information that should beperiodically submitted to ESMA by credit rating agencies (CRAs). In this Final Report, ESMA considers the responses received to the consultation paper during Q3 2014...