Equilibrium correction models of the price level are often used to model inflation. Such models assume that the long-run markup of prices over costs is fixed, but this may not be true for the Euro area economy, which has undergone major structural reforms over the last 25 years. We allow for...

1. The Eastern neighbouring countries (NCs) can be divided into two groups: one comprised of the countries where ENP’s benefits are (at least rhetorically) acknowledged (Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine) and the other where the ENP is viewed with suspicion and where the Europeanisation drive is...

The briefing paper seeks to provide an overview of the political, economic and social costs and benefits for the neighbouring countries in adapting their policies in the areas suggested by the ENP as well as to highlight the main constraints and factors favourable to pursuit of ENP objectives in...

Pyrolysis technology has been assessed in this report based on an examination of the costs, the benefits, the barriers to market uptake, and the potential for EU funding to contribute to innovation and/or technology deployment. Given the benefits associated with the application of biochar to...