Within a two-step GARCH framework we explore the linkages between equity returns of ten sectors in the euro area, the United States and Japan, respectively. Our estimation framework allows a distinction to be made between spillover effects originating from one of the three currency areas and...

Does schooling generate social returns in excess of the private returns captured by the individual who makes the human capital investment? As a strategy to detect human capital externalities I use Dutch survey data to estimate the impact of the average human capital stock in a region on...

This is the Final Report for the forward-looking evaluation on the future pre-accession financial instrument beyond 2013, commissioned by Directorate-General for Enlargement (DG ELARG) of the European Commission (EC). The work was carried out between December 2010 and May 2011 by the European...