For the first time ever the European Commissions is proposing a greenhouse gas emissions target for transport. But how is transport going to provide the services that our society needs while minimising its environmental impacts? This is the theme for the Transport White Paper launched in 2011....

This technical reference guide provides a general overview of the use of models with regard to the consolidated Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (the AQ Directive). This report is an output of the Forum for Air Quality Modelling in Europe (Fairmode)...

The main objective of the present study is to analyse and quantify the effects that certain past policy measures in the road transport and industrial combustion facilities have had on the magnitude of air pollutant emissions and subsequent air quality in Europe. The policies selected are the...

This paper compares securities settlement gross and netting architectures. It studies settlement risk arising from exogenous operational delays and compares settlement failures between the two architectures as functions of the length of the settlement interval under different market conditions....

The model presented here is a New estimated medium-scale Multi-Country Model (NMCM) which covers the five largest euro area countries and is used for forecasting and scenarios analysis at the European Central Bank. The model has a tight theoretical structure which allows for non-unitary...

This report is an indicator-based assessment of European Community and acceding and candidate countries’ greenhouse gas emission trends, emission projections and existing and proposed policies and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2010. The report presents an assessment of the...

This report is an indicator-based assessment of European Community and acceding and candidate countries’ greenhouse gas emission trends, emission projections and existing and proposed policies and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2010. The report presents an assessment of the...

EU and candidate countries' progress between 1990 and 2000 towards reaching their targets under the Kyoto Protocol is assessed in this report. It shows which countries are on track, the greenhouse gas emission trends in each sector and the reasons for increases or decreases. The report supports...

The purpose of this technical report is to analyse and present the progress of the European Union (EU) as a whole towards fulfilling its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, and the contribution...