As the worlds largest economy, the United States is also the largest consumer of fossil energy sources and the largest per capita emitter of greenhouse gases. Although the climate and energy policies adopted over the past decade have been insufficient to reverse continued emissions growth, a...

On 1 January 2005, the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) commenced. The legislation behind the scheme is the European Commission’s Directive 2003/87/EC, within which Article 30 requires a review report of the EU ETS should be submitted to the European Parliament and the Council. In response...

The targeted increase of renewable energy sources in the European energy mix to 20% by 2020, and the goal of an 80-95% CO2 emissions reduction by 2050, will require changes to and extensions of the electricity grid. The integration of increasing shares of fluctuating renewable electricity,...