This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts … from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to … each new export market. Transport costs, border costs and retail and wholesale distribution costs might add up to 170% of …

imposes a threat to the market positions of advanced economies. While China’s export structure is very similar to that of the … advanced world, its export unit values are well below the level of developed economies. Building on the assumption that unit … be justified by its relatively low average prices, implying that the quality of Chinese export products is relatively …

-regulatory convergence has also contributed to the spur of cross-border financial transactions. Trade in goods, while highly correlated with …

The paper analyses the evolution of the trade specialisation pattern in the ten countries which will join the EU in …

elimination of exchange rate volatility simultaneously leads to a large increase in intra-union trade and a big increase in the … harmonize prices internationally, with trade being the primary channel (Rogoff 1996, Goldberg and Knetter 1997). Second …, monetary union may greatly increase the amount of trade among members (Rose 2001). Putting these together, we see that …

This paper analyses the relationship between openness to trade and wages at the industry level (15 manufacturing … intra and inter-industry trade as well as between trade from western and eastern Europe and we try to assess the relative … importance of foreign wages versus domestic productivity developments in an open environment. We find that trade is not an …

consumer prices and lower the impact of terms-of-trade changes on optimal agentsu0092 decisions. Two very different patterns of … with a strengthening, the other with a deterioration of the terms of trade and real exchange rate. Evidence on the effect … transmission pattern, questioning the presumption that terms-of-trade movements foster international risk-pooling. …