This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to each new export market. Transport costs, border costs...

Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers provides for mandatory indication of country of origin or place of provenance for unprocessed meat of pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, as from 13 December 2014. The Regulation requires the adoption of implementing...

Portant sur des produits comme le Parmigiano Reggiano, le Café de Colombie ou encore la Tequila, les Indications Géographiques (IG) définies dans à l’article 22-‐1 des accords ADPIC consacrent juridiquement une qualité liée à l’origine. La justification de l’accès à une...

Le cacaoyer (nom botanique: Théobroma cacao L) est un arbre à feuilles persistantes. Il ne supporte pas les températures trop basses, raison pour laquelle il pousse en zone équatoriale où la température moyenne se situe autour de 27°C. Dès la fin du XIXe siècle, des plants de cacaos...

The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be underestimated. It is one of the most widely traded agricultural commodities in the world market. Around 400 billion cups are consumed per year, most of which are sold in Europe where drinking coffee is an integral way of life. The global...